UGC NET STUDY MATERIALS

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Multiple choice Question Bank




Q1) A pixel of black-white image or graphic object take space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 2 bits C) 1 byte D) 1 nibble



Q2) The process of representing continuous graphic objects as a collection of discrete pixels is called

A) Animation B) Rasterization C) Scan Conversion

D) Sampling



Q3) A pixel of gray-scale image or graphic object take space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 1 byte C) 1 nibble D) 3 bytes



Q4) The process of determining the suitable pixels for representing image or graphic object is called

A) Animation B) Rasterization C) Scan-Conversion

D) Quantization



Q5) A pixel of color image or graphic object takes space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 3 bytes C) 2 bytes D) 1 byte



Q6) A graphical technique in which an object is transformed into another in such a way that the change appears to be smooth and not rapid is called

A) Mapping B) Scan-Conversion C) Sampling D) Quantization



Q7) The resolution of an image is

A) Number of pixels per unit area

B) Number of pixels per unit length in horizontal

C) Number of pixels per unit length in vertical

D) None of these



Q8) The size of a 640*480 image at 240 pixels per inch is

A) 8/3*2 inches

B) 2*2 inches

C) 3*2 inches

D) none of these











Q9) The resolution of 2*2 inch image that has 512*512 pixels is

A) 256*256 pixels per inch

B) 256 pixels per inch

C) 128*128 pixels per inch

D) 128 pixels per inch





Q10) If an image has a height of 2 inches and aspect ratio of 1.5 then its width is

A) 3 inches

B) 0.75 inches

C) 0.75*0.75 inches

D) 1.5*1.5 inches



Q11) If we want to resize a 1024*746 image to one that is 640 pixels wide with the same aspect ratio, the height of resized image would be

A) 768

B) 512

C) 480

D) 1024



Q12) CMY co-ordinates of a color at (0.2, 1, 0.5) in the RGB space are

A) (1.2,2,1.5)

B) (2.2,2,2.5)

C) (0.8,0,0.5)

D) (0.1,0.5,0.25)



Q13) RGB co-ordinates of a color at (0.15, 0.75, 0) in CMY space

A) (0.85,0.25,1)

B) (1.15,1.75,1)

C) (2.15,2.75,2)

D) None of these



Q14 If we use direct coding of RGB values with 2 bits per primary color, how many possible colors do we have for each pixel?

a) 32 b) 64 c) 128 d) 16



Q15 If we use 12 bit pixel values in a lookup table representation, how many entries does the lookup table have?

a) 4096 b) 12 c) 2048 d) 96







Q16 Persistence can be defined as

a) Intensity of a pixel

b) Pixels per unit area

c) The duration of phosphorescence exhibited by a phosphor

d) Number of pixels in an image



Q17 The path the electron beam takes at the end of each refresh cycle is called:

a) horizontal retrace

b) vertical retrace

c) diagonal retrace

d) left to right retrace



Q18 The path the electron beam takes when returning to the left side of the CRT screen is called

a) horizontal retrace

b) vertical retrace

c) diagonal retrace

d) top to bottom retrace



Q19 Frame buffer is used to store

a) only pixels

b) only intensities of pixels

c) image definition

d) coordinate values of image



Q20 The best line drawing algorithm among all possible line drawing algorithm is

a) DDA

b) Algorithm which uses direct equation of line

c) Bresenham’s algorithm

d) None of them



Q21 The value of initial decision parameter in bresenham’s line drawing algorithm for │m│<1 is:

a) 2∆y - ∆x

b) 2∆y + ∆x

c) -2∆y + ∆x

d) -2∆y - ∆x







Q22 The best circle drawing algorithm among all possible circle drawing algorithm is:

a) algorithm uses direct equation of circle

b) algorithm uses polar coordinate form

c) bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm

d) mid point circle drawing algorithm



Q23 The value of initial decision parameter in mid point circle drawing algorithm is:

a) 3-2r

b) 5/4-r

c) 1-2r

d) 3-r



Q24 Points P1(3.2 ,7.8) and P2(3.7,7.1) are both represented by pixel

a) (3,8)

b) (4,7)

c) (3,7)

d) (4,8)



Q25 Pixel phasing is an anti-aliasing technique based on

a) hardware

b) software

c) both hardware and software

d) none of these



Q26: The transformation that enhances or reduces the size of object is called

(a) Translation

(b) Scaling

(c) Shear

(d) Rotation



Q27: The transformation that changes the coordinate positions of an object along a circular path is called

(a) Translation

(b) Scaling

(c) Rotation

(d) Reflection









Q28: The transformation that changes the coordinate position of an object along a straight line path is called

(a) Translation

(b) Scaling

(c) Rotation

(d) Reflection



Q29: The result of two successive 2D rotations R(Q1) and R(Q2) is

(a) R(Q1+Q2)

(b) R(Q1.Q2)

(c) R(Q1-Q2)

(d) R(Q1/Q2)



Q30: If we take mirror reflection of a point(x, y) along x-axis and the position of point after mirror reflection is denoted by (x’, y’), then

(a) x’=x ,y’=-y

(b) x’=-x ,y’=y

(c) x’=x ,y’=y

(d) x’=-x, y’=-y



Q31: The Bezier-B-Spline approximation provides for the control of curve shape

(a) Local

(b) Global

(c) Not

(d) None of them



Q32: When projection lines perpendicular to the view plane, then such type of projection is called

(a) Parallel

(b) Perspective

(c) Orthographic

(d) Oblique



Q33: A polygon is called ------- if the line joining any two interior points of the polygon lies completely inside the polygon

(a) Concave

(b) Convex

(c) Positively oriented polygon

(d) Negatively oriented polygon





Q34: In Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the bitwise logical AND of the region codes is 0000, then line is

(a) Visible

(b) Not visible

(c) A candidate for clipping

(d) None of these



Q35: A spline curve is specified by giving a set of coordinate positions, called

(a) Interpolate points

(b) Control points

(c) Approximate points

(d) Polygon points



Q36) Which of the following transformations are non-commutative

A) linear followed by scaling

B) linear followed by rotation

C) scaling followed by rotation

D) none of the above



Q37) Reflection of a pointy about x-axis followed by a counter-clockwise rotation of 90°, is equivalent to reflection about the line

A) x=-y

B) y=-x

C) x=y

D) x + y=1



Q38) Which one of the following is not a linear transformation?

A) F:R³–›R² defined by f(x, y, z)=(x, z)

B) F:R³–›R³ defined by f(x, y, z)=(x,y-1,z)

C) F:R²–›R³ defined by f(x, y)=(2x,y-x)

D) F:R²–›R² defined by f(x, y)=(y, x)



Q39) Raster system display a picture from a definition in a

A) display file program

B) frame buffer

C) display controller

D) none of the above



Q40) Back face removal is an example of

A) object space method

B) image space method

C) combination of both

D) none of the above



Q41) A bilinear transformation can be simulated

A) translation, rotational and stretching

B) translation and rotation

C) rotation, stretching and inversion

D) rotation, stretching, inversion, and translation



Q42) Choose the correct answer- To construct the rectangle ABCD, it is enough if

A) The length and breadth are given

B) The vertices A and B are given

C) The vertex A and the length of diagonal are given

D) The vertices A and C are given



Q43) Surfaces that are rough, or grainy, tend to scatter the reflected light in all directions. This scattering light is called

a) Specular Reflection

b) Diffuse Reflection

c) Point Reflection

d) Object Reflection



Q44) Spline representations in which the degree of a spline polynomial can be set independently of the number of control points

a) B-Spline

b) Beizer Spline

c) Hermite Spline

d) Cardinal Spline



Q45) Spline curve always pass through what control points

a) First and last

b) First and second

c) Last and second last

d) All control points



Q46) Cubic Bezier Curves are generated by what number of control points

a) 6

b) 4

c) 5

d) 2



Q47) Shadow-mask methods are commonly used in

a) Raster-Scan Systems

b) LED

c) DVST

d) LCD







Q48) In B-Spline curve, if control points are n+1, then the curve is described with the number of blending functions

a) n

b) n+1

c) n-1

d) n+2



Q49) Front, side and rear orthographic projections of an object are called

a) Plan View

b) Elevations

c) Axonometric

d) Isometric



Q50) In orthographic projection, when the direction of projection makes equal angles with exactly two of principal axes, then such projection is called

a) Isometric

b) Dimetric

c) Trimetric

d) Cavalier



Q51) In hidden surface removal algorithms, when visibility is decided point by point at each pixel position on the projection plane, then such type of technique is called

a) Object-space

b) Image-space

c) Pixel-space

d) None of them



Q52) In visible-surface detection methods, painter’s algorithm is also called

a) Depth-sorting method

b) Scan-line method

c) A-buffer method

d) Depth-buffer method



Q53)If the eccentricity of a conic is less than one then it is a

(a) Circle

(b) Parabola

(c) Ellipse

(d) Hyperbola



Q54) Parabola can be got from a right circular cone, by cutting it through a plane that is

(a) Parabola to the side of cone

(b) Perpendicular to the axis of cone

(c) A tangent to the cone

(d) Parallel to the axis of cone



Q55) Fractals deal with curves that are

(a) Irregularly irregular

(b) Regularly irregular

(c) Irregularly regular

(d) Regularly regular



Q56) A circle, if scaled in only one dimension becomes a/an

(a) Parabola

(b) Hyperbola

(c) Ellipse

(d) Remains a circle



Q57) Let R be the radius of circle .The angle subtended by an arc of length R at the centre of circle is

(a) 1 degree

(b) 1 radian

(c) 45 degrees

(d) impossible to determine



Q58) Choose the correct statement- Given three non-linear points.

(a) It is always possible to draw a circle passing through the three points.

(b) It may or may not be possible to draw a circle passing through the three points.

(c) It is impossible to draw a circle passing the three points.

(d) None of the above.



Q59) (2, 4) is a point on a circle that has centre at the origin .Which of the following point(s) is/are also on the circle?

(a) (2,-4)

(b) (-2,4)

(c) (4,-2)

(d) (-4,2)







Q60) Aspect ratio is generally defined as the ratio of the

(a) Vertical to the horizontal points

(b) Horizontal to vertical points

(c) Vertical to (horizontal+ vertical) points

(d) Either (a) or (b) ,depending on the convention followed



Q61) Let F:R2 -> R2 be the mapping defined by F(x, y)=(x/3,y/4).The image under F of the ellipse X2/9+y2/16=1 ,is

(a) The circle x2+y2=1

(b) The line x/3+y/4=1

(c) The ellipse x2/27+y2/64=1

(d) None of these



Q62) The line joining (-1,0) and (4,5) ,if clipped against this window will connect the points

(a) (0,1) and (3,3)

(b) (0,1) and (2,3)

(c) (0,1) and (4,5)

(d) none of above



Q63)The line segment joining (1,1) and (4,2) if clipped against this window will connect the points

(a) (0,1) and (3,3)

(b) (0,1) and (2,3)

(c) (1,1) and (4,2)

(d) none of the above



Q64)The line 2x-y+4=0 ,if clipped against this window will connect the points

(a) (0,1) and (3,3)

(b) (0,1) and (2,3)

(c) (1,2) and (3,4)

(d) none of the above



Q65)The best hidden surface removal algorithm is

(a) Painters

(b) Depth buffer

(c) Area subdivision

(d) Depends on the application









Q66) Engineering drawing commonly applies

(a) Oblique projection

(b) Orthographic projection

(c) Perspective projection

(d) None of the above



Q67) The basic elements of a picture in volume graphics is

(a) Pixel

(b) Volsel

(c) Voxel

(d) None of the above



Q68) The point at which a set is projected parallel lines appear to converge is called as a

(a) convergence point

(b) vanishing point

(c) point of illusion

(d) point of delusion



Q69) Consider the three points ,A(3,6,4);B(2,5,5);C(0,3,7) and the view point V(1,4,6).

(a) C hides A and E, if viewed from V

(b) C hides A but not B, if viewed from V

(c) A hidesn B but not C, if viewed from V

(d) B hides A but not C, if viewed from V



Q70) In displaying a clipped picture , the efficient method is

(a) clipping against a window and then applying the window transformation

(b) applying window transformation and then clipping against the viewport

(c) both (a) and (b) have the same efficiency

(d) efficiency depends on whether the window is an aligned rectangle or not



Q71) A viewgraph is

(a) an oversized slide designed for presentation on an overhead projector

(b) designed and created by exposing film of the graphics system

(c) a hardcopy chart

(d) none of the above





Q72) the best suited hidden surface algorithm to deal with the non polygonal, non planar surface patches

Is

a) painter’s algorithm

b) z-buffer algorithm

c) ray tracing

d) scan line algorithm



Q73) Assuming that one allows 256 depth value level to be used, how much memory would a 512*512 pixel display required to store down z-buffer

a) 512K

b) 256K

c) 1024K

d) 128K



Q74) The workstation transformation maps the normalized device screen on to a physical device whose x-extent is 0 to 10 and y-extent is to 0 to 20 where the origin is the lower left corner is



a) 10 00 00

00 20 00

00 00 01



b) 00 10 00

20 00 00

00 00 01



c) 00 00 01

00 20 00

10 00 00



d) 10 00 00

00 20 20

00 00 01

















Q75) In the previous question, if the origin is the upper left corner, the workstation transformation matrix is

a) 10 00 00

00 20 00

00 00 01



b) 00 10 00

20 00 00

00 00 01



c) 00 00 01

00 20 00

10 00 00



d) 10 00 00

00 20 20

00 00 01



Q76) A transformation that distorts the shape of an object such that the transformed shape appears as if the object were composed of internal layers that had been caused to slide over each other, such transformation is called

a) Shear

b) Translation

c) Reflection

d) Rotation



Q77) An area on a display device to which a window is mapped is called

a) Window

b) View-port

c) Monitor

d) Workstation



Q78) The region against which an object is to clipped is called

a) Clip Window

b) Clip View-port

c) Clip Area

d) Clip Region











Q79) A fast method for rendering an object with polygon surface is

a) Ground Shading

b) Flat Shading

c) Phong Shading

d) Fast Phong Shading



Q80) A best method for hidden surface removal is

a) BSP-Tree Method

b) Depth-Sorting Method

c) Scan-Line Method

d) A-buffer Method



Q81) A frame buffer array is addressed in row-major order for a monitor with co-ordinate locations varying from (0,0) to (100,100). Assuming that one bit of storage is required per pixel and address of (0,0) is 0000, the address of the co-ordinate position (5,10) is given by

a) 1015

b) 515

c) 1005

d) 505



Q82) Which display device is best suited for CAD systems?

a) A CRT with vector refresh monitor

b) A CRT with raster scan monitor

c) Plasma panel display

d) LED display



Q83) When the computer is not able to maintain operation and display, bright spots occur in the screen. This is called as

a) dropping out

b) snowing

c) flickering

d) blanking



Q84) All the following hidden surface algorithms employ image space approach except

a) back face removal

b) depth buffer method

c) scan line method

d) depth sort method







Q85) The best hidden surface removal method(s) used for complex scenes with more than a few thousand surfaces is/are

a) depth sorting method

b) scan line algorithm

c) depth buffer algorithm

d) octree method



Q86) The anti-aliasing technique which allows shift of ¼, ½ and ¾ of a pixel diameter enabling a closer path of a line is

a) pixel phasing

b) filtering

c) intensity compensation

d) sampling technique



Q87) The subcategories of orthographic projection are

a) cavalier, cabinet, isometric

b) cavalier, cabinet

c) isometric, diametric, trimetric

d) isometric, cavalier, trimetric



Q88) The clarity of a displayed image depends on the

a) resolution

b) floating point precision of the system

c) associated software

d) aspect ratio



Q89) Which of the following is an odd function?

a) f(x)=x2-
x


b) f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x)

c) f(x)=(x)(ax+1)/(ax-1)

d) none of the above



Q90) In multiple transformation, which of the following are commutative?

a) Successive transformations of the same kind

b) Rotation about a fixed point and translation

c) Uniform scaling and rotation

d) (a) and (b)











Q91) In the raster-scan method for transformation, a 900 rotation can be performed by

a) reversing the order of bits within each row in the frame buffer

b) by performing XOR on the frame buffer location

c) by coping each row of the block into a column in the new frame buffer location

d) none of the above



Q92) In the clipping algorithm of Cohen & Sutherland using region codes, a line is already clipped is the,

a) codes of the end points are the same

b) logical AND of the end points code is not 0000

c) logical OR of the end points code is 0000

d) logical AND of the end points code is 0000



Q93) Choose the function that are periodic

a) f(x)=x-
x
; where [x] stands for the greatest integer<=x

b) f(x)=
cos(x)


c) f(x)=(x) cos(x)

d) f(x)=sin(1/x), if x!=0; 0 otherwise



Q94) In Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm for polygon clipping, assume P (present point) lies inside the window and S (previous point) lies outside the window. Then, while processing through that window boundary, we should

a) store the intersection point of the line PS (S’) only

b) store the points P and S’

c) store the point P only

d) store the points S and S’



Q95) Random-scan monitors are also referred to as

a) vector display

b) stroke writing display

c) calligraphic display

d) none of the above



Q96) The refresh rate below which a picture flickers is

a) 25

b) 30

c) 35

d) 60





Q97) Pixel phasing is a technique for

a) shading

b) anti-aliasing

c) hidden line removal

d) none of the above



Q98) When several types of output devices are available in a graphic installation, it is convenient to use

a) bundled attributes

b) unbundled attributes

c) inquiry attributes

d) none of the above



Q99) Which of the following point lies on the same side as the origin, with reference to the line 3x+7y=2 ?

a) (3,0)

b) (1,0)

c) (0.5,0.5)

d) (0.5,0)



Q100) If (a,b,c) X (1,3,1) = (2,1,6), where X denotes the vector product, then (a,b,c) is given by

a) (0,1,1)

b) (k,0,1-k) for any real k

c) (-1,2,-7)

d) there exists no solution



Q101.) The point (4,1) undergoes the following three transformations successively.

1) Reflection about the line y =x

2) Translation through a unit of 2 units along the positive X-axis.

3) Rotation through an angle of π/4 about the origin in the counter

clockwise direction.

The final position of the point will be)

a)(-1/√2,7/√2)

b) (1,4)

c) (3/√2,-5/√2)

d) (3/√2,5/√2)







Q102.) Let the maximum number of pixels in a line be M. The number of subdivisions at the most necessary using the min point sub division method of clipping is

a) N=log2 M

b) N=2M

c) N =2M

d) None of the above



Q103) Find the incorrect statement(s). A perspective projection produces realistic views.

a) A parallel projection preserves realistic dimensions.

b) A perspective projection preserves realistic dimensions.

c) A parallel projection gives realistic representations of 3-D objects.



Q104). The people of the planet Mars designed a scale for measuring the temperature in which water freezes at 100 units and boils at 250 units. The people of Jupiter designed a scale in which water freezes at 75 units and boils at 300 units. A temperature of 200 units in Mars will measure _______in Jupiter.

a) 300 b) 225 c) 250 d) 175



Q105). The two scales coincide at

a) 130 b) 165 c) 150 d) 170



Q106). Oblique projection with an angle of 45 to horizontal position is called as

a) Cabinate projection

b) Isometric projection

c) Cavalier projection

d) None of the above



Q107) Which of the following curves are symmetric around the line x=y?

a) 1+x+y=0

b) y=
x


c) y=x³

d)
x
+
y
=9















Q108) Choose the correct statement(s)

a) Random scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time.

b) The components line of a random scan picture must be refreshed in a particular order.

c) Raster scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time.

d) Random scan method is well suited for displaying shading and colors areas.



Q109.) The perspective anomaly in which the object behind the centre of the projection is projected upside down and forward onto the view [plane is called as

a) Perspective foreshortening

b) Vanishing view

c) View confusion

d) Topological distortion



Q110.) Which statements about the beam penetration method for producing color display is /are true?

a) It is used with raster scan monitors.

b) It is used with random scan monitors.

c) By using beam penetration method a wide range of colours can be

obtained.

d) It uses three electron guns, one for each red, green and blue.



Q111.) X=at²; y=2at, is the parametric equation of a

a) Circle

b) Rectangular parabola

c) Parabola

d) Ellipse



Q112.) A line connecting the points (1,1) and (5,3) is to be drawn , using the DDA algorithm. Find the values of x and y increments.

a) x-increment=1; y-increment=1

b) x-increment=0.5; y=increment=1

c) x-increment=1; y=increment=0.5

d) None of the above



Q113.) The entire graph of the function f(x) = x² + Kx – x + 9 is strictly above the x-axis if and only if

a) -3 < k < 5

b) -3 < k < 2

c) -3 < k < 7

d) -5 < k < 7

Q114.) The phenomenon of having a continuous glow of a beam on the screen even after it is removed is called as

a) Fluorescence

b) Persistence

c) Phosphorescence

d) Incandescence



Q115). Perform window to viewport transformation for the point (20,15) Assume that (Xvmin, Yvmin) is (0,0) ) (Xwmax.Ywmax) is (100,100) ; (Xvmin, Yvmin) is (5,5); (Xvmax,Yvmax) is (20,20). The value of x and y the Viewport is

a) x=4, y =4

b) x =3, y =3

c) x =8, y =7.25

d) x =3, y =4



Q116). Example of Presentation Graphics is

(a) Batch charts

(b) CAD

(c) Line Graphs

(d) a & c



Q117). The technique used to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific and economic data is

(a) Computer art

(b) Image processing

(c) Presentation graphics

(d) None of the above



Q118). Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are often used for

(a) Entertainment

(b) Quality control

(c) Education aid

(d) None of the above



Q119). Special system designed for some training applications are known as

(a) GUI

(b) Simulators

(c) Video display devices

(d) None of the above



Q120). Computer graphics methods are now commonly used in making

(a) Motion pictures

(b) Music videos

(c) Television shows

(d) all of the above



Q121). Graphics and Image processing techniques used to produce a transformation of one person into another is called

(a) Animation

(b) Morphine

(c) Half toning

(d) None of the above



Q122). Refresing on raster scan displays is carried out at the arte of

(a) 60 to 80 frames per sec

(b) 40 to 60 frames per sec

(c) 30 to 60 frames per sec

(d) None of the above



Q123). The amount of light emitted by the phosphor coating depends on the

(a) Number of electrons striking the screen

(b) Speed of electrons striking the screen

(c) Distance from the cathode to the screen

(d) None of the above



Q124). The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as

(a) Resolution

(b) Persistence

(c) Attenuation

(d) None of the above



Q125). Gray scale is used in

(a) Monitors that have colour capability

(b) Monitors that have no colour capability

(c) Random scan displays

(d) None of the above











Q126) Shadow mask methods produce

(a) Wider range of colors than beam penetration

(b) Smaller range of colors than beam penetration

(c) Equal number of colors as in beam penetration

(d) None of the above



Q127). A common device for drawing, positioning or interactively selecting co-ordinate positions on an object is

(a) Digitizer

(b) Data glove

(c) Joystick

(d) None of the above



Q128). In the Bresenhan's algorithm, error term is initialized to

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) -1/2

(d) None of the above



Q129). A circle drawn on the screen appears to be elliptical

(a) Screen has rectangular shape

(b) CRT is not completely spherical

(c) It is due to the aspect ratio of the monitor

(d) Our eyes are not at the same level as the screen



Q130). In the generation of circle by Bresenhan's algorithm, it is simple to generate

(a) All octants

(b) One octant first and others by successive reflection

(c) One octant first and others by successive rotation

(d) One octant first and others by successive translation



Q131). Which of the following algorithms can be used for circle generation?

(a) Bresenham's algorithm

(b) Midpoint algorithm

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above











Q132). Which of the following pixels will not be "ON" for drawing an origin-centered circle with radius 8?

(a) 0,8

(b) 1,8

(c) 4,6

(d) 5,6



Q133). Window is associated with

(a) Object

(b) Image

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above



Q134). A line with end point codes as 0000 and 0100 is

(a) Partially invisible

(b) Completely visible

(c) Trivially visible

(d) Completely invisible



Q135). Which of the following techniques is used in Midpoint Subdivision algorithm?

(a) Binary search

(b) Bubble sort

(c) Linear search

(d) Sequential search



Q136). Clipping algorithm which follows "Divide and conquer" strategy is

(a) Sutherland - Cohen algorithm

(b) 4 - bit algorithm

(c) Midpoint subdivision

(d) Cyrus - Beck algorithm



Q137). Which of the following are transformations?

(a) Translation

(b) Rotation

(c) Shearing

(d) All of the above











Q138) How many matrices are required to rotate an object about a point (x, y)

(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) 4

(d) 5



Q139). Panning on the screen can be achieved by

(a) Translation and back scaling

(b) Only translation

(c) Scaling, translation and back scaling

(d) Translation, scaling and back translation



Q140). Dragging in computer graphics can be achieved through following transformations:

(a) Translation

(b) Rotation

(c) Scaling

(d) Reflection



Q141) In 2D graphics, the transformation 0 1 0 results in:

1 0 0

0 0 1

(a) Reflection about line y=x

(b) Reflection about line y= -x

(c) Reflection about line y=0

(d) Shearing about x - axis



Q142). If the direction of rotation is 'z' axis, then direction of positive rotation is:

(a) Y to Z

(b) Z to X

(c) X to Y

(d) Y to X



Q143). Anticlockwise rotation of 90 degrees about z-axis would transfer a point

(a) On positive x-axis to negative y-axis

(b) On positive x-axis to y-axis

(c) On positive x-axis to y-axis

(d) On positive x-axis to negative y-axis





Q144). Pick out the wrong statement

(a) In local scaling, if Sx=Sy, then shape is retained

(b) In overall scaling, shape is never distorted

(c) When shearing transformation is applied to any object, then its shape is distorted

(d) None of the above



Q145). Perspective projection of the point [2,3,1] on Z=0 plane with the eye placed at (0,0,-10) is :

(a) (20/11,30/11,0)

(b) (20/10,30/10,0)

(c) (2/10,3/10,0)

(d) (-2/10,-3/10,0)



Q146). Maximum numbers of vanishing points that can appear in case of a 3-D object are

(a) 3

(b) 4

(c) 2

(d) 1



Q147). If center of projection lies on y-axis, then vanishing point appears at :

(a) X-axis

(b) Y-axis

(c) Z-axis

(d) None of the above



Q148). If center of projection is on X-axis, then

(a) P= -1/Xc

(b) Q= -1/Xc

(c) P= 1/Xc

(d) P= Xc



Q149). Depth sort or priority algorithm is also called

(a) Franklin's algorithm

(b) Painter's algorithm

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above









Q150). Which of the following algorithms deal with non polygonal, non planar surface patches?

(a) Painter's algorithm

(b) Franklin's algorithm

(c) Z-buffer algorithm

(d) Ray-tracing algorithm



Q151). Which algorithm is used to determine which objects and surfaces will obscure those objects and surfaces that are behind them rendering a more realistic image?

(a) Ray-tracing algorithm

(b) Z-buffer algorithm

(c) Hidden surface algorithm

(d) None of the above



Q152). "DEPTH OF A POLYGON" is a major difficulty in the implementation of

(a) Painter's algorithm

(b) Ray-tracing algorithm

(c) Hidden surface removal algorithm

(d) None of the above



Q153). Which of the following is not a hidden surface removal algorithm?

(a) Depth sort

(b) Painter's algorithm

(c) Z-buffer

(d) None of the above



Q154). Which of the following editing commands can be used to manipulate a solid

(a) Subtraction

(b) Addition

(c) Intersection

(d) all of the above



Q155). Which of the following is the simplest form of a 3D volumetric raster model

(a) Spatial enumeration

(b) Cell decomposition

(c) Boundary representation

(d) Sweep representation



Q156). Which of these is not rendered using Particle based system

(a) Grass clumps

(b) Waterfalls

(c) Oceans

(d) Fireworks



Q157). Which of the following methods will be used in construction of bridges?

(a) Volume rendering

(b) Particle system

(c) Procedural modeling

(d) Grammar based modeling



Q158). Which of the following is not the attribute of particle system?

(a) Initial position

(b) Initial velocity

(c) Initial size

(d) None of the above



Q159). Which of the following is not the part of sociostatistical models?

(a) Population density

(b) Highway patterns

(c) Zone maps

(d) Height maps



Q160). Local constraints check

(a) Street patterns

(b) Population density

(c) Textures

(d) None of these



Q161). Pick out the correct statement for Bezier curves

(a) Best curves are drawn when starting and end slope of the curves are same

(b) A curve is proper only if cubic polynomials for X and Y is identical

(c) Control points may lies anywhere on the screen

(d) Control points should be so placed that values of X coordinates are in increasing order











Q162). In computer graphics, a cubic polynomial is chosen to draw a Bezier curve. Pick out the WRONG one out of the following reasons

(a) It is not possible to draw various shapes with lower order polynomial

(b) Order of polynomial must be odd

(c) Very high order results in more computations

(d) None of these



Q163). To draw two smoothly joining quadratic Bezier curves, one needs

(a) 5 control points

(b) 10 control points

(c) 9 control points

(d) 8 control points



Q164). Slope of a quadratic Bezier curve at the end of the curve is controlled by

(a) First two and last two control points

(b) Last 4 control points

(c) Any 4 control points lying on the curve

(d) All are correct



Q165). A Bezier curve drawn with control points A0,A1,A2 can be altered by changing

(a) A0 and A2 only

(b) A1 and A2 only

(c) A and A1 or A1 and A2

(d) Any point



Q166). Which of the following statements is false with respect to Phong Shading?

(a) It is also known as normal vector interpolation shading

(b) It displays more realistic highlights

(c) It greatly reduces the Mach band effect

(d) It was developed by Gouraud Phong



Q167). Surfaces that is rough, or grainy. Tend to scatter the reflected light in all directions. This scatter phenomenon is known as

(a) Spectral reflection

(b) Specular reflection

(c) Diffuse reflection

(d) None of the above









Q168). _____________ reflections are constant over each surface in a scene, independent of the viewing direction

(a) Diffuse

(b) Specular

(c) Spectral

(d) Constant



Q169). Dominant frequency determines which aspect of light

(a) Color

(b) Hue

(c) Dominant wavelength

(d) All of the above



Q170). CMY color model has 4 color phosphors

(a) Cyan, magenta, yellow, black

(b) Cyan, magenta, red, white

(c) Cyan, magenta, yellow, white

(d) All of the above



Q171). RGB color model is based on

(a) Principle of light

(b) NTSC standard

(c) Tristimulus theory of vision

(d) CIE



Q172). In XYZ model, luminance is contained in

(a) X parameter

(b) Y parameter

(c) Z parameter

(d) None of the above



Q173). Colors are not represented in which mode

(a) Palettes

(b) High color

(c) True color

(d) RGB



Q174). In which of the given areas, multimedia has no role to play

(a) Education

(b) Video conferencing

(c) Travel and tours

(d) None of the above



Q175). Which of the following factors influence the quality of the multimedia based communication

(a) End system heterogeneity

(b) Synchronization of multimedia and hypermedia documents

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above



Q176). Audio signals are digitized with the help of

(a) ADC

(b) DAC

(c) AVI

(d) WAV



Q177). Which of the following is not output hardware?

(a) Amplifier

(b) Speaker

(c) Monitor

(d) Digital camera



Q178). Which of the following devices can be used to splash your work onto big screen surfaces?

(a) CRT projectors

(b) LCD projectors

(c) Light value projectors

(d) All of the above



Q179). Hypermedia

(a) Is another media like graphics?

(b) Provides links between two media

(c) Is a facility to permit two media to be played together?

(d) Is another name for multimedia?



Q180). In hypermedia, which of the following links are not acceptable?

(a) Images

(b) Audio clips

(c) Animated videos

(d) None of the above



Q181). Which of the following stores digital audio waveforms

(a) MIDI files

(b) Wave files

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above



Q182). Which of the following files is device dependent?

(a) MIDI files

(b) WAVE files

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above



Q183). Which of the following statements about OpenGL is incorrect

(a) It is not a programming language

(b) It is an API

(c) It is a header file

(d) None of the above



Q184). Identify the incorrect data type

(a) Glint

(b) Openglfloat

(c) Openglchar

(d) All of the above



Q185). Which of the following is not true?

(a) OpenGL commands use prefix “gl”

(b) All constants are in upper case

(c) All data types start with GL

(d) All are correct



Q186). To construct the rectangle ABCD it is enough if

(a) If the length and breadth are known

(b) The vertices A and B are given

(c) The vertex A and the length of the diagonal are given

(d) The vertices A and C are given



Q187). A raster color display processor supports a resolution of 1024*800 with up to 16 million colors simultaneously displayable. What will be the approximate size (in bytes) of the frame buffer used in the display processor?

(a) 1.2 * 10 ^ 6

(b) 2.4 * 10 ^ 6

(c) 16 * 10 ^ 6

(d) 10 ^ 5











Q188). Choose the correct statement from the following about the basic ray tracing technique used in image synthesis

(a) In this technique, rays are cast from the eye point through every pixel on the screen

(b) In this technique, viewing transformations are not applied to scene prior to rendering

(c) This technique removes hidden surfaces

(d) In this technique, rays are cast from the light source to the objects in the scene



Q189). Which of the following statements are true?

(a) Request, sample and event are the 3 basic modes of input

(b) Keyboard is a device ideally suited for use in sample mode

(c) A mouse is typically a device for inputting an absolute position on the screen

(d) Special graphics hardware support is essential for providing a menu driven interface to an application



Q190). Which of the following devices has a relative origin?

(a) Joystick

(b) Track ball

(c) Mouse

(d) None of the above



Q191). A cube of side 1 unit is placed such that the origin coincides with one of its vertices and the three axes run along three of its edges. The vertex diagonally opposite to (1, 0, 1) is

(a) (0, 0, 0)

(b) (1, 1, 0)

(c) (0, 1, 1)

(d) (0, 1, 0)



Q192). A surface appearing black

(a) Reflects all the incident colors

(b) Reflects all the incident colors except black

(c) Reflects only black and absorbs the rest

(d) Reflects none



Q193). Hue of a color is related to its

(a) Luminance

(b) Saturation

(c) Incandescence

(d) Wavelength

Q194) Pixel is

a) The smallest addressable point on the screen

b) An input device

c) A memory block

d) A data structure



Q195) Resolution is defined as ………………

a) The number of pixels in the horizontal direction × The number pixels in the vertical direction

b) The number of pixels in the vertical direction × The number pixels in the horizontal direction

c) The number of pixels in the vertical direction + The number pixels in the horizontal direction

d) The number of pixels in the vertical direction - The number pixels in the horizontal direction



Q196) Aspect ratio is

a) The ratio of image’s width to its height

b) The ratio of window to viewport height

c) The ratio of image’s intensity levels

d) The ratio of image’s height to its width



Q197) Refresh rate is …………………..

a) The rate at which the number of bit planes are accessed at a given time

b) The rate at which the picture is redrawn

c) The frequency at which the aliasing takes place

d) The frequency at which the contents of the frame buffer is sent to the display monitor





























Q198) The three dimensional matrix transformation for translation with a units along x-axis and b units along y-axis and c units along z-axis is

a) 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

-a b 0 1



b) 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

a b c 1



c) 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

a -b c 1



d) 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

b a 0 1



Q199) The distance between the pixels on a screen is called

a) OCR

b) LCD

c) Dot pitch

d) Refresh rate



Q200) A pictorial screen symbol that represents a computer activity

is called a(n)

a) Pointer

b) Icon

c) Touch screen

d) MICR



Q201) Using computers to design and manufacture products is called

a) Inscribing

b) CAD/CAM

c) Detailing

d) Imaging







Q202) The rate of screen refreshment is called

a) Pixel speed

b) Bit-map speed

c) Raster rate

d) Scan rate



Q203) “Mark sensing” is another term for

a) MICR

b) POS

c) OMR

d) XGA



Q204) A(n) ________ is a device that is used for optical character

recognition

a) Wand reader

b) Cursor

c) Stylus

d) MICR reader



Q205) A(n) ___________ monitor shows single-colour characters on a

contrasting background

a) Monochrome

b) Blank

c) Addressable

d) Liquid crystal display



Q206) Document imaging uses what device to input data?

a) Scanner

b) Bar-code reader

c) Icon

d) Tablet



Q207) A(n) ____________ is a screen that is lighter and slimmer than

a CRT.

a) OCR

b) Graphics card

c) Flat-panel

d) Terminal











Q208) Computer animation is a form of

a) LCD

b) CAD/CAM

c) Video graphics

d) Color printer output



Q209) The resolution of an SVGA screen is

a) 1024 x 768

b) 512 x 512

c) 640 x 480

d) 800 x 800



Q210) GUI is

a) Hardware

b) Language interpreter

c) Software interface

d) An operating system.



Q211) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ó¨ with respect to x-axis in the positive direction is

a) 1 0 0 0

0 cosÓ© sinÓ© 0

0 -sinÓ© cosÓ© 0

0 0 0 1



b) 1 0 0 0

cosÓ© -sinÓ© 0 0

sinÓ© cosÓ© 1 0

0 0 0 1



c) 1 0 0 0

0 cosÓ© sinÓ© 0

0 -cosÓ© sinÓ© 0

0 0 0 1



d) 1 0 0 0

cosÓ© -sinÓ© 0 0

-sinÓ© cosÓ© 1 0

0 0 0 1









Q212) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ó¨ with respect to z-axis in the positive direction is

a) cosÓ© sinÓ© 0 0

-sinÓ© cosÓ© 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



b) cosÓ© sinÓ© 0 0

cosÓ© -sinÓ© 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



c) cosÓ© sinÓ© 0 0

sinÓ© cosÓ© 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



d) 1 cosÓ© sinÓ© 0

0 -sinÓ© cosÓ© 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



Q213) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ó¨ with respect to y-axis in the positive direction is

a)cosÓ© 0 -sinÓ© 0

sinÓ© 0 cosÓ© 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



b)cosÓ© 0 sinÓ© 0

sinÓ© 0 -cosÓ© 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



c) cosÓ© sinÓ© 0 0

sinÓ© cosÓ© 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



d)1 cosÓ© sinÓ© 0

0 -sinÓ© cosÓ© 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



Q214) The three dimensional matrix transformation for scaling with a units along x-axes and b units along y-axes and c units along z-axis is

a) -a 0 0 0

0 -b 0 0

0 0 c 0

0 0 0 1



b) -a 0 0 0

0 -b 0 0

0 0 0 0

a b c 1



c) -a 0 0 0

0 -b 0 0

0 0 -c 0

0 0 0 1



d) a 0 0 0

0 b 0 0

0 0 c 0

0 0 0 1



Q215) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to xy plane is

a)-1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



b) 1 0 0 0

0 -1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



c) 1 0 0 0

-1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



d)1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 -1 0

0 0 0 1



Q216) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to yz plane is

a)-1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



b)-1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



c)1 0 0 0

-1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



d)1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 -1 0

0 0 0 1



Q217) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to zx plane is

a)-1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



b)-1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



c) 1 0 0 0

-1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1



d)1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 -1 0

0 0 0 1



Q218) The Z-buffer algorithm

a) Finds the largest depth value z

b) Finds the smallest depth value z

c) Finds the average of the frame buffer

d) Calculates the intensity at(x,y)



Q219) Painter’s algorithm is also called

a) Scan line Algorithm

b) Subdivision Algorithm

c) Depth sort Algorithm

d) Rendering Algorithm



Q220) Gourard shading is

a) An interpolative shading method

b) A subdivision shading method

c) An averaging shading method

d) Not a shading method



Q221) World coordinate system is

a) The coordinate system in which the image is defined

b) The coordinate system in which the object is defined

c) The coordinate system in which the surfaces is defined

d) The coordinate system in which the transformation are performed



Q222) Frame buffer is

a) The memory area in which the image, being displayed, is stored

b) The device which controls the refresh rate

c) The device used for displaying the colors of an image

d) The memory area in which the graphics package is stored



Q223) Aliasing means

a) Rendering effect

b) Shading effect

c) Staircase effect

d) Cueing effect



Q224) A 512 × 512 raster requires ……………….bits in a bit plane.

a) 212

b) 218

c) 210

d) 28



Q225) The look up table technique………………… the number of intensity levels.

a) Decreases

b) Increases

c) Removes

d) Gives no effect on



Q226) A simple 3-bit plane frame buffer can have…………………. Number of color combinations

a) 8

b) 16

c) 24

d) 3



Q227) RGB stands for…………..

a) Resolution-Global-Bright

b) Resolution of green and blue

c) Red-Green-Blue

d) None of these



Q228) In a 3-bit plane buffer 01 represents………………color

a) Red

b) Cyan

c) Black

d) Green



Q229) In a 3-bit plane buffer the color Magenta is represented by………………

a) 101

b) 100

c) 111

d) 011



Q230) If Blue is represented as 001 the yellow is represented as ……………..

a) 001

b) 010

c) 101

d) 110







Q231) A 24-bit plane color frame buffer with three 10-bit wide color look up tables can have………… number of colors

a) 224

b) 28

c) 248

d) 230



Q232) DAC means

a) Direct access coding

b) Digitally activated compression

c) Direct area clipping

d) Digital to Analog Converter



Q233) …………………..acts as anode in CRT

a) The phosphorous coating

b) The glass panel

c) The deflectors

d) None of these



Q234) Slope of the line joining the points(1,2) and (3,4)is……………

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3



Q235) The slope of the line joining the points(0,0) and (5,5)is……………

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3



Q236) The slope of the line joining the points(3,0) and (5,0)is……………

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3



Q237) Bresenham’s circle generating algorithm will take reflections of ……………….

a) Two octets

b) One octet

c) Three octets

d) None



Q238) In Bresenham’s circle generating algoritms, if (x,y) is the current pixel position then the x-value of the next pixel position is…………………………..

a) x

b) x-1

c) x+1

d) x+2



Q239) In Bresenham’s circle generating algoritms, if (x,y) is the current pixel position then the y-value of the next pixel position is…………………………..

a) y or y+1

b) y alone

c) y+1 or y-1

d) y or y-1



Q240) Run length coding is used for…………………

a) Image smoothening

b) Image compression

c) Image coloring

d) Image dithering



Q241) The property that adjacent pixels are likely to have the same characterstics is called………………….

a) Spatial coherence

b) Area coherence

c) Scan line coherence

d) Pixel coherence



Q242) The property that adjacent pixels on a scan line are likely to have the same characterstics is called………………….

a) Spatial coherence

b) Area coherence

c) Scan line coherence

d) Pixel coherence



Q243) The technique of using a minimum number of intensity levels to obtain increased visual resolution is called……………………

a) Dithering

b) Halftoning

c) Depth cueing

d) Rendering



Q244) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point inside the window then……………….

a) XL≤ x ≤ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT

b) XL≤ x ≤ XR and YB ≥ y ≥ YT

c) XL ≥ x ≥ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT

d) XL ≥ x ≥ XR and YB ≥ y ≥ YT



Q245) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point such that y > YT then (x,y) lies………………….

a) Inside the window

b) Outside the window

c) On the boundary of the window

d) None of these



Q246) The Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm divides the entire region into……………number of sub regions

a) 4

b) 8

c) 9

d) 10



Q247) If (x,y) is a point inside the clipping window then it’s code according to the Cohen-Sutherland algorithm is…………

a) 0000

b) 0001

c) 1000

d) 1111



Q248) …………………..number of bits are used for representing each subregion of the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4











Q249) If two bits are zeros and two bits are ones in a code of a subregion in Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm the subregion is ……………………

a) Corner region

b) Middle region

c) Central region

d) None of these



Q250) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the codes of the two points P and Q are 0000 and 0000 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be ……………………….. the clipping window

a) Totally outside

b) Partially outside

c) Totally inside

d) None



Q251) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the codes of the two points P and Q are 0101 and 0001 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be ……………………….. the clipping window

a) Totally outside

b) Partially outside

c) Totally inside

d) None



Q252) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the logical AND of the codes of the two points P and Q is 0000 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be ……………………….. the clipping window

a) Totally outside

b) Partially outside

c) Totally inside

d) None



Q253) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point inside the window such that x > XL and x ≤ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT the the code of the point (x,y in Cohen-Sutherland algorithm is………………….

a) 1100

b) 1000

c) 1110

d) 0000







Q254) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is a point such that x is greater than the maximum of {x1, x2, ……., xn} then the point (x,y) lies……………….. the polygon

a) Inside

b) Outside

c) On

d) As vertex of



Q255) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is a point such that x is less than the maximum of {x1, x2, ……., xn} then the point (x,y) lies……………….. the polygon

a) Inside

b) Outside

c) On

d) As vertex of



Q256) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is a point such that x is greater than the maximum of {y1, y2, ……., yn} then the point (x,y) lies……………….. the polygon

a) Inside

b) Outside

c) On

d) As vertex of



Q257) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is a point such that x is less than the maximum of {y1, y2, ……., yn} then the point (x,y) lies……………….. the polygon

a) Inside

b) Outside

c) On

d) As vertex of



Q258) In the polygon inside test, if the winding number of a point is zero then the point lies ___________ the polygon

a) Inside

b) Outside

c) On

d) As vertex of











Q259) The even-odd method of polygon inside test fails for ___________

a) Self-intersecting Polygons

b) Convex Polygons

c) Concave Polygons

d) Similar Polygons



Q260) Sutherland-Hodgaman algorithm is used for ___________

a) Line Clipping

b) Point Clipping

c) Polygon Clipping

d) Hybrid Clipping



Q261) Z-buffer algorithm is used for ______________

a) Frame buffer removal

b) Hidden line removal

c) Rendering

d) Animation



Q262) The blending functions of Bezier curves are ____________

a) Splines

b) Berstien polynomials

c) Lagrangian polynomials

d) Newton polynomials



Q263) ___________ are the blending functions for the B-spline curves

a) Splines

b) Berstien polynomials

c) Lagrangian polynomials

d) Newton polynomials



Q264) The properity that Bezier curves do not have but B-splines have is _________

a) Local control

b) Variation diminishing property

c) Axis independence

d) None



Q265) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with zero order continuity if

a) Both curves simply meet at that point

b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal

c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal

d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point



Q266) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with second order continuity if

a) Both curves simply meet at that point

b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal

c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal

d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point



Q267) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with first order continuity if

a) Both curves simply meet at that point

b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal

c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal

d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point



Q268) Control points are used to control the ___________ of the curve.

a) Shape

b) Edges

c) Values

d) Iterations



Q269) If Bi.n(x) (1<=i<=n) denotes the Bernstien polynomials of degree n then ∑Bi.n(x)=_________

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3



Q270) NURBS stands for ____________

a) Non Uniform Rational B-splines

b) Non Uniform Rational Bezier Surfaces

c) Non Uniform Rational B-Splines

d) Normal Unit Vector Representation of B-Splines



Q271) The equivalent representation of a two dimensional point (x,y) in the homogeneous coordinate system is ____________

a) (x,y,1)

b) (x,y,0)

c) (x/w,y/w)

d) (x,y,x-y)







Q272) If (x,y,w), w!=0 is a point in the homogeneous coordinate system then it’s equivalent in the two dimensional system is ____________

a) (x,y,1)

b) (x,y,0)

c) (x/w,y/w)

d) (x,y,x-y)



Q273) The two dimensional matrix transformation for translation with a units along x-axis and b units along y-axis is ____________

a) 1 0 0

0 1 0

-a b 1



b) 1 0 0

0 1 0

a -b 1



c) 1 0 0

0 1 0

a -b 1



d) 1 0 0

0 1 0

b a 1



Q274) The two dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Q with x-axis in anti-clockwise direction is _____________

a) cos Q sin Q 0

sin Q cos Q 0

0 0 1



b) cos Q -sin Q 0

sin Q cos Q 0

0 0 1



c) -cos Q -sin Q 0

sin Q cos Q 0

0 0 1

d) cos Q -sin Q 0

-sin Q cos Q 0

0 0 1





Q275) The two dimensional matrix transformation for scaling with a units along x-axis and b units along y-axis is _____________

a) a 0 0

0 b 0

0 0 1



b) -a 0 0

0 -b 0

a b 1



c) 1 0 0

0 1 0

a -b 1



d) 1 0 0

0 1 0

b a 1



Q276) The two dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to x-axis is ___________

a) -1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1



b) 1 0 0

0 -1 0

0 0 1



c) 1 0 0

-1 0 0

0 0 1



d) 1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 -1

















Q277) The two dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to y-axis is ___________

a) -1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1



b) 1 0 0

0 -1 0

0 0 1



c) 1 0 0

-1 0 0

0 0 1



d) 1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 -1



Q278) The equation of the plane passing through the point (1,2,3) having the normal vector V=2i+3j+4k is

a) 3(x-1)+4(y-2)+2(z-3)=0

b) 2x+3y+4z=20

c) 4(x-1)+3(y-2)+2(z-3)=0

d) 2x+3y+4z=10



Q279) Perspective projection is characterized by the

a) View plane alone

b) Direction of projection and the view plane

c) Center of projection and the view plane

d) Center of projection alone



Q280) Parallel projection is characterized by the

a) View plane alone

b) Direction of projection and the view plane

c) Center of projection and the view plane

d) Center of projection alone



Q281) Oblique projection is

a) An orthographic projection

b) A perspective projection

c) A parallel projection

d) Axonometric projection



Q282) Axonometric projection is

a) An orthographic projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A multiview projection



Q283) Isometric projection is

a) An orthographic projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A multiview projection



Q284) Cavalier projection is

a) An orthographic projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A multiview projection



Q285) Multiview projection is

a) An axonmetric projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A parallel projection



Q286) Dimetric projection is

a) An parallel projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A multiview projection



Q287) Cabinet projection is

a) An orthographic projection

b) A perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) A multiview projection



Q288) View confusion is an anomaly of

a) Orthographic projection

b) Perspective projection

c) An oblique projection

d) Multiview projection



Q289) If the direction of the projection is perpendicular to the view plane then that is called

a) Orthographic projection

b) Perspective projection

c) Oblique projection

d) Cavalier projection



Q290) An orthographic projection in which the direction of the projection is not parallel any of the three principal axes is called

a) Cavalier projection

b) Perspective projection

c) Oblique projection

d) Axonometric projection



Q291) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes equal angle with all the three principal axes is called

a) Cavalier projection

b) Perspective projection

c) Oblique projection

d) Isometric projection



Q292) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes equal angles with exactly two of the three principal axes is called

a) Cavalier projection

b) Dimetric projection

c) Oblique projection

d) Isometric projection



Q293) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes unequal angles with all the three principal axes is called

a) Cavalier projection

b) Dimetric projection

c) Trimetric projection

d) Isometric projection



Q294) Which of the following is NOT true about quaternions?

a) They are made up of 4 numbers

b) They should always be normalized to length 1

c) They can be used to represent all affine transforms

d) They can be used to define the rotation of an object







Q295) Which of the following does NOT figure into the Field of View of a pinhole camera?

a) The direction of projection

b) The distance from the center of projection to the projection plane

c) The size of the projection plane



Q296) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the viewing plane, but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the principle faces.

a) Orthographic Parallel Projection

b) Axonometric Parallel Projection

c) Oblique Parallel Projection



Q297) This projection technique does NOT have the direction of projection perpendicular to the viewing plane.

a) Orthographic Parallel Projection

b) Axonometric Parallel Projection

c) Oblique Parallel Projection



Q298) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the viewing plane, and the viewing direction is perpendicular to one of the principle faces.

a) Orthographic Parallel Projection

b) Axonometric Parallel Projection

c) Oblique Parallel Projection



Q299) When transforming a random Axis-Aligned Bounding Box defined by the points (nearx, neary, nearz) and (farx, fary, farz) to the standard orthographic viewing box, which affine transforms are used?

a) shear and translation

b) rotation and scale

c) scale and shear

d) translation and scale



Q300) In class, we discussed the purpose of the front and back clipping planes in OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a purpose for using clipping planes?

a) division by zero

b) objects behind the center of projection mapping onto the projection plane

c) avoiding the problems of infinite viewing volume size







Q301) In class, we discussed how the image of the Double Eagle Tanker was obtained for the large poster in the main hall of Sitterson. It required rendering several perspective images using OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a step required in that process?

a) handling projection planes non-orthogonal to the viewing direction

b) cutting a single projection plane into many separate projection planes

c) rotating the viewing direction to be the same as the –z direction

d) handling several different centers of projection



Q302) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with a glRotatef function call?

a) GL_MODELVIEW

b) GL_PROJECTION



Q303) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with glFrustum?

a) GL_MODELVIEW

b) GL_PROJECTION



Q304) Which of the following is the order that geometry operations are performed in OpenGL (where we read the order from left to right)?

a) GL_PROJECTION  GL_MODELVIEW  Perspective division

b) GL_MODELVIEW  GL_PROJECTION  Perspective division

c) Perspective division  GL_PROJECTION  GL_MODELVIEW

d) GL_MODELVIEW  Perspective division  GL_PROJECTION

e) GL_PROJECTION  Perspective division  GL_MODELVIEW

















For the next 4 questions, match the pictures on the right with the corresponding term on the left. The arrows in the picture denote light rays. The dashed lines represent the material type to be considered. The key is in the interaction of the light rays with the material.

Q305) Specular

Q306) Diffuse

Q307) Transparent

Q308) Translucent



























Q309) In “Utah” graphics, lights are simplified in order to approximate light/matter interaction with a minimum amount of work. Which of the following is NOT true about the simplifications made in “Utah” graphics lights?

a) Light intensity and color are folded into one value.

b) Lights are assumed to have zero size

c) Spotlights can not be handled

d) Soft shadows can not be handled



Q310) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Each piece of the Phong model uses different vectors and constants. Which portion does NOT include taking a dot product?

a) Ambient

b) Diffuse

c) Specular











Q311) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model is responsible for giving spheres their bright white spots?

a) Ambient

b) Diffuse

c) Specular



Q312) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which of the following is NOT a vector needed for the Phong reflection model?

a) Surface Normal

b) Direction to Viewer

c) Direction to Material Center

d) Direction to Light



Q313) True or false: In the Phong Reflection model, ambient light is the same everywhere.

a) True

b) False



Q314) In the Phong reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to describe the qualities of which of the following phenomena?

a) The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light (respectively)

b) The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across the normal

c) The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have

d) The attenuation of a point light source with distance

Q315) The traditional mouse requires a mouse pad to provide friction for its:

a) Touchpad.

b) Tracker.

c) Optical sensor.

d) Rollerball.

Q316) The standard input device for a PDA is a:

a) Stylus.

b) Touch pad.

c) Keyboard.

d) Trackball mouse.

Q317) The flicker effect of a cathode ray tube is controlled by its:

a) Resolution.

b) Refresh rate.

c) Dot pitch.

d) Data transfer rate.

Q318) A monitor with high dot pitch will have:

a) A relatively large number of pixels.

b) A high number of possible colors in its display.

c) Wide gaps between pixels.

d) Relatively fast recharging of the pixels’ illumination.

Q319) The larger the number of pixels of a computer monitor, the higher its:

a) Resolution.

b) Refresh rate.

c) Dot pitch.

d) Data transfer rate.







Q320) The maximum complete electron scans of current CRT monitors is ____________ times per second.

a) 25

b) 50

c) 75

d) 100

Q321) Electron beam scanning is a characteristic of:

a) Laser printers.

b) Flat panel monitors.

c) Cathode ray tubes.

d) Liquid crystal display.

Q322) The type of output device that utilizes a fluorescent panel for generating light waves is a(n):

a) CRT monitor.

b) Inkjet printer.

c) Laser printer.

d) LCD monitor.

Q323) The main advantage of active matrix over passive matrix technology is that active matrix panels:

a) Have higher screen resolution.

b) Can selectively recharge individual pixels.

c) Cost less than passive matrix panels.

d) Require less power consumption than passive matrix panels.

Q324) The following are all advantages of LCD over CRT monitors EXCEPT:

a) Wider viewing area relative to size of the monitor.

b) Less likely to cause eyestrain.

c) More friendly to the environment.

d) Wider viewing angle.



Q325) The fastest and quietest type of printer is a(n):

a) Dot-matrix printer.

b) Inkjet printer.

c) Laser printer.

d) Plotter.

Q326) The type of large printer that can most accurately produce images requiring precise, continuous lines is a(n):

a) Plotter.

b) Inkjet printer.

c) Laser printer.

d) Dot-matrix printer.



Q327) Which of the following printers is characterized by melting wax-basd ink onto ordinary paper?

a) Dot-matrix

b) Inkjet

c) Laser

d) Thermal

Q328) A laser printer works by:

a) Removing static electrical charge from a metal drum.

b) Utilizing drop-on-demand technology.

c) Striking the paper with hammer-like keys.

d) A process called direct-thermal printing.

Q329) The principle advantage of adding memory to a printer is to increase:

a) Resolution.

b) Print speed.

c) Number of colors in output.

d) Dpi.



Q330) The resolution of a printer is measured in terms of:

a) Pixel density.

b) Dot pitch.

c) Hertz.

d) Dpi.

Q331) Which of the following types of drives will be housed in an internal drive bay?

a) Hard drive

b) Floppy drive

c) Zip drive

d) CD-ROM drive

Q332) Which of the following ports is most likely to be used for connecting a printer to your computer?

a) Serial

b) Parallel

c) Ethernet

d) FireWire

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